Note No 11.2: Terms/rights attached to equity shares

(B) In the event of liquidation of the company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

Note No 11.3: Aggregate number of bonus shares issued and sub-division of shares during the period of five years immediately preceding the reporting date :

During the preceding five years the Company has done Sub-Division of shares. The Company has sub-divided 10 Equity Shares for every 1 Share held in the year 2022-23.

The fair value of the assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between

willing parties, other than in forced or liquidation sale.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value:

1. Fair value of cash and short-term deposits, trade and other short term receivables, trade payables, other current liabilties, short term loans from banks and other financial instruments approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short term maturities of these instruments.

2. Financial instruments with fixed and variable interest rates are evaluted by the company based on parametes such as interest rate and individual credit worthiness of the counterparty. Based on this evaluation, allowance are taken to the account for the expected losses of these receivables.

The company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique:

Level 1 : Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 : other techniques for which all inuts which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 : techniques which use inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data.

(a) The management has not disclosed the fair values for financial instruments because their carrying values approximate their fair value largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments "

(b) Fair valuation of non-current financial instruments has been disclosed to be same as carrying value as there is no significant difference between carrying value and fair value as the carrying value is based on effective interest rates."

The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments :

- Credit risk

- Liquidity risk

- Market risk

- Interest risk

Risk management framework

The Company's management has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework.

The Company conduct yearly risk assessment activities to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

The Company has a system in place to ensure risk identification and ongoing periodic risk assessment is carried out. The Board of directors periodically monitors the risk assessment.

(i) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that counter party will not meet its obligation under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments. The company generally doesn’t have collateral.

The carrying amounts of financial assets represent the maximum credit risk exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was:

Trade receivables

The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which customers operate.

Trade receivables

Customer credit risk is managed as per Company's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. Credit risk has always been managed by the Company through credit approvals, estabilishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the credit worthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business.

An impairment analysis is performed for all major customers at each reporting date on an individual basis. In addition, a large number of minor receivables are grouped into homogenous group and assessed for impairment collectively. The calculation is based on historical data. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets. The company evaluates the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables as low, as its customers are located in several industries and operate in largely independent markets.

Bank balances and deposits with banks

Credit risk from balances with banks is managed by the company’s finance department as per Company’s policy. Investment of surplus funds are made only with approved counter parties and within credit limits assigned to each counter party. Counter party credit limits are reviewed by the Company’s Board of Directors on an annual basis, and may be updated throughout the year subject to approval of the Company's Board of directors. The limits are set to minimise the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through counterparty's potential failure to make payments.

(ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.

Exposure to liquidity risk

The following are the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date. The amounts are gross and undiscounted, and include estimated interest payments and exclude the impact of netting agreements.

(iii) Market risk

Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair value or future cash flows arising out of change in the price of a financial instrument. These include change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowing.

The company manages market risk through a risk management committee engaged in, inter alia, evaluation and identification of risk factors with the object of governing/mitigation them accordingly to company’s objectives and declared policies in specific context of impact thereof on various segments of financial instruments.

Currency risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk to the extent that there is mismatch between the currencies in which sales, purchase are denominated and the respective functional currencies of Company. The Company has export sales primarily denominated in US dollars.

C.iv.b Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The entity's exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company's long-term debt obligations with floating interest rates.

30 Capital management

The Company's policy is to maintain a stable and strong capital structure with a focus on total equity so as to maintain investors, creditors and market confidence and to sustain future development and growth of its business. In order to maintain the capital structure, the Company monitors the return on capital, as well as the level of dividends to equity shareholders. The Company aims to manage its capital efficiently so as to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern and to optimise returns to all its shareholders.

31 Investment in properties consist of advances paid for acquisition of Immovable property, their carrying values has been considered as fair values. No impairment provisions have been made there upon.