e) Rights, preferences and restrictions Equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of ' 1/- per share. Each holder of equity share is entitled to one vote per share. Accordingly, all equity shares rank equally with regard to dividends and share in the Company’s residual assets on winding up. The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian Rupees. The voting rights of an equity shareholder on a poll (not on show of hands) are in proportion to its share of the paid-up equity capital of the Company. Voting rights cannot be exercised in respect of shares on which any call or other sums presently payable have not been paid.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

f) There are no bonus shares or buy-back of shares or shares issued for consideration other than cash during a period of five years immediately preceding financial year ended March 31,2025 and March 31,2024.

g) Capital management

The Company’s capital management objective is to ensure adequate return to the shareholder by maintaining the optimal capital structure. The Company’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. It sets the amount of capital required on the basis of annual business and long-term operating plans which include capital and other strategic investments.

For the purpose of the Company’s capital management, capital includes issued equity capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company’s capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

Management assesses the Company’s capital requirements in order to maintain an efficient overall financing structure while avoiding excessive leverage. The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.

14 Share capital and other equity (Contd.)

(c) Nature and purpose of reserves General reserve

General reserve is an accumulation of retained earnings of the Company, apart from the balance in the statement of profit and loss which can be utilised for meeting future obligations.

C Analysis of items of OCI (net of tax)

Fair valuation of equity instruments

The Company has elected to recognise changes in the fair value of certain investments in equity securities in other comprehensive income. These changes are accumulated within the equity till the same is derecognised/disposed off.

(i) Working capital loan from banks

The Company has various working capital facilities aggregating to ' 189.51 (March 31, 2024: ' 109.33) outstanding carrying interest rate of 7.80% to 9.30% p.a. (March 31, 2024: 9.30% p.a) These facilities are repayable on demand, partly secured by pari-passu first charge on current assets viz., stocks of raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods.

Preshipment packing credit loan is availed in ' amounting to ' 407.00 (March 31, 2024: ' 225.00). The loan is unsecured, is repayable within 360 days and carries interest in the range of 7.68% to 8.20% (March 31,2024: 5.58% to 5.77% per annum).

(ii) Term loan from banks

The Company had availed External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) loan from a bank amounting to USD 15 million, repayable over 3 equal yearly instalments of USD 5 million each commencing from July 2021. This loan was unsecured and its interest rate was linked to LIBOR agreed spread p.a.. The loan was repaid in full during the year ended March 31,2024.

The Company had availed another External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) loan from a bank amounting to USD 15 million, repayable over 3 equal yearly instalments of USD 5 million each commencing from August 2022. This loan is unsecured and its interest rate is linked to SOFR agreed spread p.a. The loan was repaid in full in the current year. Outstanding amount as at March 31,2024 was USD 5 million equivalent to ' 41.71.

The Company's exposure to liquidity, interest rate and currency risk related to borrowings are disclosed in note 35.

a) Provision for employee benefits Defined benefit plans:

The Company operates post-employment defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity plan, group terminal benefit plan and an exempted provident fund managed through trust. The post employment benefit in the form of gratuity is managed and administered by Life Insurance Corporation of India. The provident fund contributions to trust are managed through trust investments in addition to contribution of a portion of its provident fund liability to employees provident fund organisation. The group terminal benefit plan is made available to certain class of employees and the same is unfunded. The Company obtains an actuarial valuation from an independent actuary measured using projected unit credit method to determine the liability as at the reporting date.

The post-employment defined benefit plans operated by the Company are as follows: i) Gratuity

The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expenses recognised in the statement of profit and loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for the Gratuity.

The Company has its defined benefit gratuity plan as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under this legislation, employee who has completed five years of service is entitled to specific benefit. The level of benefit provided depends on the employee’s length of service and salary at retirement/ termination age. The gratuity plan is a funded plan and the Company makes its contributions to a recognised fund in India.

The Company expects to pay ' 8.97 in contributions to its defined benefit plans in 2025-26.

The Company’s Gratuity plan valuation report includes employee benefits of the Company, its subsidiaries and its Holding company. Based on an entity specific valuation data obtained from the actuary in this respect, the amounts are recognised in the Company’s standalone financial statements. The following table sets out such amounts recognised in Company’s standalone financial statements:

iii) Provident Fund

All eligible employees of the Company are entitled to receive benefits under the provident fund, a defined contribution plan in which both the employee and employer (at a determined rate) contribute monthly. The Company also contributes as specified under the law, in case of certain class of employees, to a provident fund trust set up and to respective Regional Provident Fund Commissioner. The Company’s contribution to the Provident Fund, where set up as a trust, is liable for future provident fund benefits to the extent of its annual contribution and any shortfall in fund assets based on government specified minimum rates of return relating to current period service and recognises such contributions and shortfall, if any as an expense in the year incurred. In accordance with an actuarial valuation, there is no deficiency in the interest cost as the present value of the expected future earnings on the fund is greater than the expected amount to be credited to the individual members based on the expected guaranteed rate of interest. Such contributions made into the fund and to the regional provident fund commissioner during the year are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss.

32 Other statutory information

(i) The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.

(ii) The Company has not traded or invested in Crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year.

(iii) The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) to any persons or entities, including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise that the Intermediary shall:

a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries other than in the ordinary course of business.

(iv) The Company has not received any fund from any persons or entities, including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:

a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or

b) provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.

(v) The Company does not have any transaction which is not recorded in the books of accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961).

(vii) The Company has complied with the number of layers prescribed under the Companies Act, 2013.

(viii) The Company has not entered into any scheme of arrangement which has an accounting impact on current or previous financial year other than merger of Sunfast TVS Limited and TVS Engineering Limited with the Company in the previous year.

C Financial risk management

The Company has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:

- Market risk

- Credit risk

- Liquidity risk

Financial risk management framework

The Company’s board of directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company’s risk management framework. The board of directors along with the top management are responsible for developing and monitoring the Company’s risk management policies. The Company’s senior management advises on financial risks and the appropriate financial risk governance framework for the Company.

The Company’s risk management policies established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company’s activities. The Company, through establishment of standards and procedures, aims to maintain a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

The Company’s audit committee oversees how management monitors compliance with the Company’s risk management policies and procedures, and reviews the adequacy of the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. The audit committee is assisted in its oversight role by internal audit. Internal audit undertakes both regular and ad hoc reviews of risk management controls and procedures, the results of which are reported to the audit committee.

The Company’s principal financial liabilities, other than derivatives, comprise borrowings, trade and other payables, and financial guarantee contracts. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company’s operations and to provide guarantees to support the operations of its group companies. The Company’s principal financial assets include loans, trade and other receivables, investments and cash and cash equivalents that derive directly from its operations.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall risk management focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the company. The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as foreign exchange forward contracts that are entered to hedge foreign currency risk exposure. Derivatives are used exclusively for hedging purposes and not as trading or speculative instruments.

The sources of risks which the company is exposed to and their management is given below: a) Market risk

Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign currency receivables, payables and borrowings. The Company is exposed to market risk through its use of financial instruments and specifically to currency risk, interest rate risk and certain other price risks, which arise from both its operating and investing activities.

i) Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the foreign currency borrowings, import of raw materials and spare parts, capital expenditure, export sales and the Company’s net investments in foreign subsidiaries.

Currency risk (foreign exchange risk) arises on financial instruments that are denominated in a foreign currency, i.e. in a currency other than the functional currency in which they are measured. For the purpose of Ind AS, currency risk does not arise from financial instruments that are non-monetary items or from financial instruments denominated in the functional currency.

The Company manages its foreign currency risk by hedging transactions through forward contracts, for the repayment of short and long term borrowings and payables arising out of procurement of raw materials and other components. When a derivative is entered into for the purpose of being a hedge, the Company negotiates the terms of those derivatives to match the terms of the hedged exposure.

Where the amounts to be paid and received in a specific currency are expected to largely offset one another, no further hedging activity is undertaken.

Foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities which expose the Company to currency risk are disclosed below. The amounts shown are those reported translated at the closing rate. Unhedged foreign currency risk exposure at the end of the reporting period has been expressed in Rupees.

b) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and from its financing activities, including, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments.

Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits and continuously monitoring the credit worthiness of customers to which the Company grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of the Company’s trade receivables, certain loans and advances and other financial assets. The Company enters into long term contracts with its customers whereby it mitigates the risk exposure on high risk customers. Further, none of the customers contributes to more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues as continuous efforts are made in expanding its customer base. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and reviewed by the Audit committee periodically.

(i) Trade receivables

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit risk of its customer base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which customers operate. In monitoring customer credit risk, customers are grouped according to their credit characteristics, including end-user customers, their geographic location, industry, trading history with the Company and existence of previous financial difficulties. With respect to other financial assets, the Company does not expect any credit risk against such assets except as already assessed. The Company is monitoring the economic environment in the country and is taking actions to limit its exposure to customers with customers experiencing particular economic volatility.

Exposures to customers outstanding at the end of each reporting period are reviewed by the Company to determine incurred and expected credit losses. Historical trends of impairment of trade receivables do not reflect any significant credit losses. The Company has adopted a practical measure of computing the expected credit loss allowance for trade receivable and other financial assets, which comprise large number of small balances, based on a provision matrix. The provision matrix takes into account historical credit loss experience and adjusted for forward-looking information including consideration for increased likelihood of credit risk. Further, the Company also makes an allowance for doubtful debts on a case to case basis.

(ii) Investments

Investments of surplus funds are made only with approval of Board of Directors. Investments primarily include investments in equity instruments of multiple listed/unlisted entities and power generation companies.

(iii) Loans

The balance is primarily constituted by loans given to related parties and to its employees. The Company does not expect any loss from non-performance by these counter-parties.

(iv) Cash and cash equivalents and Bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents

The Company has its cash and bank balances deposited with credit worthy banks as at the reporting date. The Company does not expect any loss from non-performance by these counter-parties.

(v) Others

Other financial assets comprising of security deposits, claims receivables, interest receivable and advance recoverable primarily consists of deposits with TNEB for obtaining Electricity connections, rental deposits given for lease of premises amongst others. The Company does not expect any loss from non-performance by these counter-parties.

c) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is defined as the risk that the Company will not be able to settle or meet its obligations on time or at reasonable price. Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities and the availability of funding through an adequate amount of credit facilities to meet obligations when due. The Company’s treasury team is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management. Management monitors the Company’s liquidity position through rolling forecasts on the basis of expected cash flows.

The Company’s objective is to maintain a current ratio with an optimal mix of short term loans and long term loans. The Company assessed the concentration of risk with respect to refinancing its debt and concluded it to be low. The Company has access to a sufficient variety of sources of funding and debt maturing within 12 months and the management is confident that it can roll over its debt with existing lenders. The Board of Directors periodically reviews the Company’s business requirements vis-a-vis the source of funding.

The table below provides details regarding the remaining contractual maturities of financial liabilities at the reporting date based on contractual undiscounted payments:

(i) The Hon’ble Supreme Court in its ruling dated February 28, 2019 held that the allowances paid to employees are essentially a part of the basic wage, which are necessarily and ordinarily paid to all employees and are to be treated as wages for the purpose of ‘(PF)’ Provident Fund contribution, with fewer exception to the same. With respect to a demand of ' 1.63 pertaining to the period March 2011 to December 2013 raised earlier by PF authorities, a provision has been made, however writ petition/appeal has been filed by the Company challenging the same and pending before Tribunal. Based on legal advice, considering that the PF authorities has not commenced any proceedings claiming contribution on allowances for prior or subsequent periods and considering interpretative challenges surrounding the retrospective application of the judgement and absence of reliable measurement of provisions relating to earlier periods, this matter has been disclosed as a contingent liability. The said amount has been paid to the authorities by the Company.

(ii) The Company has reviewed all its pending litigations and proceedings and has adequately provided for where provisions are required and disclosed as contingent liabilities where applicable, in these standalone financial statements.

The Company is involved in taxation matters that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Judgment is required in assessing the range of possible outcomes for some of these tax matters, which could change substantially over time as each of the matter progresses depending on experience on actual assessment proceedings by tax authorities and other judicial precedents. Based on its internal assessment supported by external legal counsel views, where the management considered necessary, the Company believes that it will be able to sustain its positions if challenged by the authorities and accordingly no additional provision is required for these matters.

39 Leases

The Company has taken various premises including godowns, offices, flats, machinery and other assets under lease for which lease agreements are generally cancellable in nature and are renewable by mutual consent on agreed upon terms.

The following are the disclosures that has been made pursuant to Ind AS 116 requirements:

(i) Right-of-use assets

Refer note 5 (d) for detailed break-up of right-of-use assets and amortisation thereon.

40 Segment Reporting

In accordance with Ind AS 108, segment information with respect to geographic segment has been provided in the consolidated financial statements of the Company and therefore no separate disclosures have been given in these standalone financial statements.

41 Transfer Pricing

Management believes that the Company’s international transactions with related parties continue to be at arm’s length and that the transfer pricing legislation will not have any impact on these financial statements, particularly on amount of tax expense and that of provision for taxation.

42 Events after the reporting period

The Board of Directors of the Company has declared interim dividend in its meeting held on April 30, 2025 as disclosed under note 14B(b).