i) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets and Commitments
i) Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Such provisions are determined based on management estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognised as a standalone asset only when the reimbursement is virtually certain.
ii) If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.
iii) Contingent liabilities are disclosed on the basis of judgment of management. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date are adjusted to reflect the current management estimate.
iv) Contingent assets are not recognized but are disclosed in the financial statements when inflow of economic benefits is probable.
j) Income Taxes
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in the other comprehensive income or in equity. In which case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.
i) Curre nt tax
Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities, based on tax rates and laws that are enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance sheet date.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount of deferred tax liabilities and assets are reviewed at the end of each reporting period.
k) Foreign Currency Transactions
i) Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date.
ii) Exchange differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss except to the extent of exchange differences which are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on foreign currency borrowings that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, are capitalized as cost of assets.
iii) Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are recorded using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. Non¬ monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was measured. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of the item (i.e., translation differences on items whose fair value gain or loss is recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss are also recognised in OCI or Statement of Profit and Loss, respectively).
l) Employee Benefits Expense Short Term Employee Benefits
The undiscounted amount of short term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised as an expense during the period when the employees render the services.
Post-Employment Benefits Defined Contribution Plans
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which the Company pays specified contributions to a separate entity. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Pension Scheme. The Company’s contribution is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss during the period in which the employee renders the related service.
Defined Benefits Plans
The cost of the defined benefit plan and other post-employment benefits and the present value of such obligation are determinedusing actuarialvaluations. Anactuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.
The Company pays gratuity to the employees whoever has completed five years of service with the Company at the time of resignation/superannuation. The gratuity is paid @15 days salary for every completed year of service as per the Payment of Gratuity Act 1972.
The liability in respect of gratuity and other post-employment benefits is calculated using the Projected Unit Credit Method and spread over the period during which the benefit is expected to be derived from employees’ services.
Re-measurement of defined benefit plans in respect of post- employment are charged to the Other Comprehensive Income.
m) Revenue recognition
Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated cost can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control or managerial involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.
Revenue from rendering of services is recognised when the performance of agreed contractual task has been completed.
Revenue from sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.
Revenue from operations includes sale of goods, services, service tax, excise duty and adjusted for discounts (net), and gain/ loss on corresponding hedge contracts. Interest income
Interest income from a financial asset is recognised using effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Dividends
Revenue is recognised when the Company’s right to receive the payment has been established, which is generally when shareholders approve the dividend.
n) Insurance Claims
Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted/ expected to be admitted to the extent that there is no uncertainty in receiving the claims.
o) Government Grant
Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to revenue, it is deducted in reporting the related expenditure in the statement of Profit and Loss. When the grant relates to an asset, it is treated as deferred income and recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a systematic basis over the useful life of the asset.
p) Financial Instruments i) Financial Assets
A. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial assets and liabilities are initially recognized at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, which are not at fair value through profit or loss, are adjusted to the fair value on initial recognition. Purchase and sale of financial assets are recognised using trade date accounting.
B. Subsequent measurement
Financial assets carried at amortised cost
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold the asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)
A financial asset is measured at FVTOCI if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)
A financial asset not classified as either amortised cost or FVOCI, is classified as FVTPL.
C. Investment in subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures
The Company has elected to measure investment in subsidiaries, joint venture and associate at cost. On the date of transition, the fair value has been considered as deemed cost.
Investment in Equity shares & Mutual Funds etc., are classified at fair value through the profit and loss account.
D. Other Equity Investments
All other equity investments are measured at fair value, with value changes recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss, except for those equity investments for which the Company has elected to present the value changes in ‘ Other Comprehensive Income’.
E. Impairment of financial assets
In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company uses ‘Expected Credit Loss’ (ECL) model, for evaluating impairment of financial assets other than those measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL).
Expected credit losses are measured through a loss allowance at an amount equal to:
• The 12-months expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from those default events on the financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date); or
• Full lifetime expected credit losses (expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the life of the financial instrument)
For trade receivables Company applies ‘simplified approach’ which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables. The Company uses historical default rates to determine impairment loss on the portfolio of trade receivables. At every reporting date these historical default rates are reviewed and changes in the forward looking estimates are analysed.
For other assets, the Company uses 12 month ECL to provide for impairment loss where there is no significant increase in credit risk. If there is significant increase in credit risk full lifetime ECL is used.
ii) Financial Liabilities
A. Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognized at fair value and in case of loans, net of directly attributable cost. Fees of recurring nature are directly recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as finance cost.
B. Subsequent measurement
Financial liabilities are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the balance sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.
Derivative financial instruments and Hedge Accounting
The Company uses various derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, currency swaps, forwards & options and commodity contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates, exchange rates and commodity prices. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are also subsequently measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to Statement of Profit and Loss, except for the effective portion of cash flow hedges which is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income and later to Statement of Profit and Loss when the hedged item affects profit or loss or treated as basis adjustment if a hedged forecast transaction subsequently results in the recognition of a non-financial assets or non-financial liability.
Hedges that meet the criteria for hedge accounting are accounted for as follows:
a) Cash flow hedge
The Company designates derivative contracts or non derivative financial assets / liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of movement in interest rates and foreign exchange rates for foreign exchange exposure on highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability or forecast cash transactions. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedging instrument, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve being part of other comprehensive income. Any ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, the cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument recognized in cash flow hedging reserve till the period the hedge was effective remains in cash flow hedging reserve until the underlying transaction occurs. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss upon the occurrence of the underlying transaction. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the amount accumulated in cash flow hedging reserve is reclassified in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
b) Fair Value Hedge
The Company designates derivative contracts or non derivative financial assets / liabilities as hedging instruments to mitigate the risk of change in fair value of hedged item due to movement in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices.
Changes in the fair value of hedging instruments and hedged items that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the Statement of Profit and Loss. If the hedging relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedged item for which the effective interest method is used is amortised to Statement of Profit and Loss over the period of maturity.
Derecognition of financial instruments
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or it transfers the financial asset and the transfer qualifies for derecognition under Ind AS 109. A financial liability (or a part of a financial liability) is derecognized from the Company's Balance Sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expires.
q) Operating Cycle
The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification based on operating cycle.
An asset is treated as current when it is:
a. Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;
b. Held primarily for the purpose of trading;
c. Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or
d. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is current when:
a. It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;
b. It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;
c. It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or
d. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.
The company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.
r) Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for events of bonus issue; bonus element in a right issue to existing shareholders.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
s) Dividend Distribution
Dividend distribution to the shareholders is recognised as a liability in the company's financial statements in the period in which the dividends are approved by the company's shareholders.
t) Statement of Cash Flows
i) Cash and Cash equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
ii) Statement of Cash Flows is prepared in accordance with the Indirect Method prescribed in the relevant Accounting Standard.
2.3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with the Ind AS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures as at date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of the revenues and expenses for the years presented. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
a) Depreciation / amortisation and useful lives of property plant and equipment / intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment / intangible assets are depreciated / amortised over their estimated useful lives, after taking into account estimated residual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residualvalues of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation / amortisation to be recorded during any reporting period. The useful lives and residual values are based on the Company’s historical experience with similar assets and take into account anticipated technological changes. The depreciation / amortisation for future periods is revised if there are significant changes from previous estimates.
b) Recoverability oftrade receivable
Judgements are required in assessing the recoverability of overdue trade receivables and determining whether a provision against those receivables is required. Factors considered include the credit rating of the counterparty, the amount and timing of anticipated future payments and any possible actions that can be taken to mitigate the risk of non-payment.
c) Provisions
Provisions and liabilities are recognized in the period when it becomes probable that there will be a future outflow of funds resulting from past operations or events and the amount of cash outflow can be reliably estimated. The timing of recognition and quantification of the liability requires the application of judgment to existing facts and circumstances, which can be subject to change. The carrying amounts of provisions and liabilities are reviewed regularly and revised to take account of changing facts and circumstances.
d) Impairment of non-financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or Cash Generating Units (CGU’s) fair value less costs of disposaland its value in use. It is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or a groups ofassets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account, if no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
e) Impairment of financial assets
The impairment provisions for financial assets are based on assumptions about risk of default and expected cash loss rates. The Company uses judgment in making these assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on Company’s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.
36 CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company adheres to a robust Capital Management framework which is underpinned by the following guiding principles;
a) Maintain financial strength to attain AAA (Presently rating BBB) ratings domestically and investment grade ratings internationally.
b) Ensure financial flexibility and diversify sources of financing and their maturities to minimize liquidity risk while meeting investment requirements.
c) Proactively manage group exposure in forex, interest and commodities to mitigate risk to earnings.
d) Leverage optimally in order to maximize shareholder returns while maintaining strength and flexibility of the Balance sheet.
This framework is adjusted based on underlying macro-economic factors affecting business environment, financial market conditions and interest rates environment.
37 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
1. Fair value of cash and short-term deposits, trade and other short term receivables, trade payables, other current liabilities, short term loans from banks and other financial institutions approximate their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
2. Financial instruments with fixed and variable interest rates are evaluated by the Company based on parameters such as interest rates and individual credit worthiness of the counter party. Based on this evaluation, allowances are taken to account for the expected losses of these receivables.
The Company uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial instruments by valuation technique :
Level 1 : quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 : other techniques for which all inputs which have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly of indirectly Level 3 : techniques which use inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data
Commodity Price Risk
Commodity price risk arises due to fluctuation in prices of raw material The company has a risk management framework aimed at prudently managing the risk arising from the volatility in raw material prices and freight costs.
The company’s commodity risk is managed centrally through well-established trading operations and control processes. In accordance with the risk management policy, the Company carefully caliberates the timing and the quantity of purchase.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to perform or pay the amounts due causing financial loss to the company. Credit risk arises mainly from the outstanding receivables from customers.
The company has a prudent and conservative process for managing its credit risk arising in the course of its business activities. The credit ratings/market standing of the customers are evaluated on a regular basis.
Bank, Cash and cash equivalents
Bank, Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and deposits which are readily convertible to cash. These are subject to insignificant risk of change in value or credit risk.
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was:
45 In opinion of the Board, the value of realization of loans, advances and current assets in the ordinary course of business will not be less than the amount at which they are stated in the financial statement.
46 Pursuant to the Scheme of Merger/Amalgamation approved by the NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL CUTTACK BENCH dtd 25th April 2025, the company named as Popular Mercantile Pvt. Ltd. (Here in after referred as "Transferor Company") has been merged with the Shri Bajrang Alliance Limited (Here in after referred as "Transferee Company") with effect from appointed date, i.e. April 1st, 2024. As per the Scheme, all assets and liabilities of all the Transferor Companies including retained earnings, debts/obligation, borrowings, contingent liabilities, legal proceeding, carried forward losses and other statutory benefits stand acquired by Transferee Company from the appointed date. The employees of the Transferor Company have been also transferred to Transferee Company and consequently the employee related benefits and all contracts and agreements in relation to them have been transferred from Transferor Company.
iii) a) The effective date of merger as per the scheme is 1st of April 2024.
b) The accounting method used in accordance with the scheme of merger is Pooling of Interest Method. iv) a) During the year, Shri Bajrang Agro Processing Limited And Shri Bajrang Hydro Energy Private Limited has applied for voluantary strike off and hence, the investment
of both the company have been cancelled.
47 In accordance with the Indian Accounting Standard (IND AS-36) on "Impairment of Assets" issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the Company during the year carried out an exercise of identifying the assets that may have been impaired in respect of each cash generating unit in accordance with the said Accounting Standard. The Company has not identified any Fixed Assets to be materially impaired mainly on account of economic performance and alternative viability of such assets and accordingly no amount has been charged as impairment loss to the Profit & Loss Account at the year end.
48 Inventories and consumption of stores materials have been taken as valued and certified by the management.
50 Amounts have been rounded off to the nearest Lakhs and previous years figures have been regrouped, rearranged and reclassified whenever considered necessary to confirm to the current presentation.
51 APPROVAL OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements were approved for issue by the board of directors on May 30th 2025.
52 The previous year figures have been regrouped and/or rearranged wherever necessary.
For and on behalf of the Board of Directors As per our attached report of even date.
sd/- sd/-
(Anand Goel) (Archit Goel) For, S S S D & CO
Managing Director W TD & CFO Chartered Accountants
DIN: 00796135 PAN: ALRPG3265B Firm Registration No. 020203C
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(Narendra Goel) (Ans hu Dubey) (Gaurav Ashok Baradia)
Director Company Secretary Partner
DIN: 00115883 M.No. 62867 Membership No. - 164479
Raipur, 30th May, 2025
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